Operators in Java

Types of Operators

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Relational Operators
3. Logical Operators
4. Bitwise Operators
5. Assignment Operators
6. Increment / Decrement Operators
7. Conditional / Ternary Operator

1. Arithmetic Operators

Operators	Explaination
+ (Addition)	ये दो Operands को add करता है |
- (Subtraction)	ये right operand से left operand को निकाल देता है |
* (Multiplication)	ये दो Operands को multiply करता है |
/ (Division)	ये right operand द्वारा left operand को divide करता है |
% (Modulus)	ये right operand द्वारा left operand को divide करके remainder निकालता है |

For eg.
Source Code :

//Sample.java
class Sample{
    
public static void main(String args[]) {

int a = 10, b = 5, c;

c=a + b;
    System.out.println("Addition of a and b is " + c);

c=a - b;
    System.out.println("Subtraction of a and b is " + c);

c=a * b;
    System.out.println("Multiplication of a and b is " + c);

c=a / b;
    System.out.println("Division of a and b is " + c);

c=a % b;
    System.out.println("Remainder of a and b is " + c);

}
}

Output

Addition of a and b is 15
Subtraction of a and b is 5
Multiplication of a and b is 50
Division of a and b is 2
Remainder of a and b is 0

2. Relational Operators

Operators	Explaination
< (less than)	एक Operand की value दूसरे Operand से कम हो तो ये true return करता है | for eg. num1=5; num2=6; num1 < num2
> (greater than)	एक Operand की value दूसरे Operand से ज्यादा हो तो ये true return करता है | for eg. num1=6; num2=5; num1 > num2
<= (less than or equal to)	एक Operand की value दूसरे Operand से कम हो या बराबर (equal) हो तो ये true return करता है | for eg. num1=5; num2=5; num1 <= num2
>= (greater than or equal to)	एक Operand की value दूसरे Operand से ज्यादा हो या बराबर (equal) हो तो ये true return करता है | for eg. num1=5; num2=5; num1 >= num2
== (equal to)	दो Operands जब बराबर(equal) होते है, तब ये true return करता है |
!= (not equal to)	दो Operands जब एक-दूसरे से अलग होते है, तब ये true return करता है |

For eg.
Source Code :

//Sample.java
class Sample{

public static void main(String args[]){

int a = 6, b = 5;

if(a < b){
    System.out.println("a is less than b");
}
else{
    System.out.println("a is greater than b");
}

if(a <= b){
    System.out.println("a is less than b");
}
else{
    System.out.println("a is greater than b");
}

if(a > b){
    System.out.println("a is greater than b");
}
else{
    System.out.println("a is less than b");
}

if(a >= b){
    System.out.println("a is greater than b");
}
else{
    System.out.println("a is less than b");
}

if(a == b){
    System.out.println("a is equal to b");
}
else{
    System.out.println("a is not equal to b");
}
}
}

Output

a is greater than b
a is greater than b
a is greater than b
a is greater than b
a is not equal to b

3. Logical Operators

Operators	Explaination
&& (logical &&)	अगर दोनों conditions true हो तो ये true return करेगा | for eg. (5<6) && (6>5)
|| (logical OR)	अगर दोनों में से एक भी true है , तो ये true return करेगा | for eg. (5<6) || (6>5)
! (logical not)	अगर condition true हो तो ये उसे false कर देता है | for eg. !((5<6) && (6>5)) !((5<6) || (6>5))

For eg.
Source Code :

//Sample.java
class Sample{

public static void main(String args[]){
    
if((5 < 6) && (6 > 5)){
    System.out.println("Condition is true.");
}
else{
    System.out.println("Condition is false.");
}
if((5 < 6) || (6 > 5)){
    System.out.println("Condition is true.");
}
else{
    System.out.println("Condition is false.");
}
if(!((5 < 6) && (5 > 6))){
    System.out.println("Condition is true.");
}
else{
    System.out.println("Condition is false.");
}
}
}

Output

Condition is true.
Condition is true.
Condition is true.

4. Bitwise Operators

Truth Table for &, |, ^

a	b	a & b	a | b	a ^ b
0	0	0	0	0
0	1	0	1	1
1	1	1	1	0
1	0	0	1	1

Binary Left Shift( << ) and Right Shift( >> )

• Left Shift(<<) for e.g. a=20; /* 0001 0100 */ a << 2 में numeric value के binary value में हर binary number को 2 binary numbers left side से shift करता है | for e.g.a=20; /* 0001 0100 */ तो इसका 0101 0000 मतलब 80 हो जायेगा |
• Right Shift(>>) for e.g. a=20; /* 0001 0100 */ ये Left shift से बिलकुल उलट है | Right Shift a>> 2 में numeric value के binary value में हर binary number को 2 binary numbers right side से shift करता है | for e.g.a=20; /* 0001 0100 */ तो इसका 0000 0101 मतलब 5 हो जायेगा |

Complement Operator (~)

• ये Operator सारे bit reverse करता है |
• ये Operator 0 को 1 कर देता है और 1 को 0 कर देता है |

यहाँ पर Output -13 आने के बजाय 243 आया ऐसा क्यों ?

2's Complement of 243 -(reverse of 243 in binary + 1)

Operation on 2's Complement( ~ )
Decimal Value	Binary Value	2's Complement
243	1111 0011	-(0000 1100+1) = -(0000 1101) = -13(output)

For eg.
Source Code :

class Sample{

public static void main(String args[]){
    
int a=20; /* 0001 0100 */
int b=12; /* 0000 1100 */
int c;

c=a&b;
	System.out.println("value of c is " + c); /* 4 = 0000 0100 */

c=a|b;
	System.out.println("value of c is " + c); /* 28 = 0001 1100 */

c=a^b;
	System.out.println("value of c is " + c); /* 24 = 0001 1000 */

c=a<<2;
	System.out.println("value of c is " + c); /* 80 = 0101 0000 */

c=a>>2;
	System.out.println("value of c is " + c); /* 5 = 0000 0101 */
}
}

Output

value of c is 4
value of c is 28
value of c is 24
value of c is 80
value of c is 5

5. Assignment Operators

Assignment Operators ग्यारह प्रकार के होते है |

1. Assignment Operator (=)
2. Add Assignment Operator (+=)
3. Subtract Assignment Operator (-=)
4. Multiply Assignment Operator (*=)
5. Divide Assignment Operator (/=)
6. Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)
7. Bitwise AND Assignment Operator (&=)
8. Bitwise OR Assignment Operator (|=)
9. Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator (^=)
10. Left Shift Assignment Operator (<<=)
11. Right Shift Assignment Operator (>>=)

Operators	Examples
= (assignment)	c = a + b
+= (add assignment)	c += a same as c = c + a
-= (subtract assignment)	c -= a same as c = c - a
*= (multiply assignment)	c *= a same as c = c * a
/= (divide assignment)	c /= a same as c = c / a
%= (modulus assignment)	c %= a same as c = c % a
&= (AND assignment)	c &= a same as c = c & a
|= (OR assignment)	c |= a same as c = c | a
^= (XOR assignment)	c ^= a same as c = c ^ a
<<= (Left Shift assignment)	c <<= a same as c = c << a
>>= (Right Shift assignment)	c >>= a same as c = c >> a

For eg.
Source Code :

class Sample{

public static void main(String args[]){
    
int a=20, b=12;

b = a + b;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);

b += a;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);

b -= a;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);

b *= a;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);

b /= a;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);

b %= a;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);

b &= 2;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);

b |= 2;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);

b ^= 2;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);

b <<= 2;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);

b >>= 2;
    System.out.println("value of b is " + b);
}
}

Output

value of b is 32
value of b is 52
value of b is 32
value of b is 640
value of b is 32
value of b is 12
value of b is 0
value of b is 2
value of b is 0
value of b is 0
value of b is 0

6. Increment (++) and Decrement (--) with Prefix and Postfix

• Increment Operator (++) ये variable की value 1 से बढ़ा देता है |
• Decrement Operator (--) ये variable की value 1 से घटा देता है |

Operators	Same as
++a (Increment Prefix)	a = a + 1
--a (Decrement Prefix)	a = a - 1
a++ (Increment Postfix)
a-- (Decrement Postfix)

for eg.
Source Code :

class Sample{

public static void main(String args[]){
    
int a=20;

    System.out.println("Print Value with prefix : " + ++a); // increase value with increment prefix
    System.out.println("Value of a : " + a);
    System.out.println("Print Value with prefix : " + --a); // decrease value with decrement prefix
    System.out.println("Value of a : " + a);
    System.out.println("Print Value with postfix : " + a++); // increase value with increment postfix
    System.out.println("Value of a : " + a);
    System.out.println("Print Value with postfix : " + a--); // decrease value with decrement postfix
    System.out.println("Value of a : " + a);
}
}

Print Value with prefix : 21
Value of a : 21
Print Value with prefix : 20
Value of a : 20
Print Value with postfix : 20
Value of a : 21
Print Value with postfix : 21
Value of a : 20

7. Conditional / Ternary Operator (?:)

• Conditional Operator में तीन Expressions होते है |
• Conditional Operator को Ternary Operator भी कहते है |
• Conditional Operator में अगर पहला expression true होता है, तो वो दूसरा expression output में print करता है |
• अगर Conditional Operator में पहला expression false होता है, तो वो तीसरा expression output में print करता है |

Syntax for Conditional / Ternary Operator

expression1 ? expression 2 : expression 3

for eg.
Source Code :

class Sample{

public static void main(String args[]){

int a = 100, b ;
b = ( a == 100 ? 2 : 0 ) ;

    System.out.println("Value of a is " + a);
    System.out.println("Value of b is " + b);
}
}

Output :

Value of a is 100
Value of b is 2